参考文献/References:
[1] Wells G A,Cranney A,Peterson J,et al.Alendronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women[J].Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2008,(1):CD001155.
[2] Moran C G, Wenn R T, Sikand M,et al.Early mortality after hip fracture: is delay before surgery important?[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),2005,87(3):483-489.
[3] Karagiannis A,Papakitsou E,Dretakis K,et a1.Mortality rates of patients with a hip fracture in a southwestern district of Greece:ten-year follow up with reference to the type of fracture[J].Calcif Tissue Int,2006,78(2):72-77.
[4] 中国健康促进基金会骨质疏松防治中国白皮书编委会.骨质疏松症中国白皮书[J].中华健康管理学杂志,2009,3(3):148-154.
[5] Cummings S R,Melton L J.Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures[J].Lancet,2002,359(9319):176l-1767.
[6] Jordan K M,Cooper C.Epidemiology ofosteoporosis[J].Best Pract Res Ciin Rheumatol,2002,16(5):795-806.
[7] Cooper C, Cole Z A, Holroyd C R, et al.Secular trends in the incidence of hipand other osteoporotic fractures[J]. Osteoporos Int,2011,22(5):1277-1288.
[8] 贺良,王满宜.安全治疗高龄骨折[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2004,6(9):992-994.
[9] Wei B X, Shu L H, Ling X, et al.Rapidly increasing rates of hip fracture in Beijing, China[J].J Bone Miner Res,2012,27(1): 125-129.
[10] Gehlbach S H,AVrunin J S,Puleo E,et a1.Fracture risk and antiresorptive medication use in older women in the USA [J].Osteopomsis Intemational,2007,18(6):805-810.
[11] 赵刚,胡侦明。劳汉昌.昆明地区部分老年人群骨质疏松性骨折发病率初步调查和分析[J].中国骨质疏松杂志。2007,13(4):257-259.
[12] 吴立兵,刘刚,李伏燕,等.鄂西北正常人骨密度调查分析[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2009,15(6):432-4341.
[13] Kannus P, Parkkarl J, Sievanen H, et a1. Epidemiology of hip fractures[J].Bone,1996,l8(1 Supp1):57S-63S.
[14] 张薇。曹冰燕,巩纯秀.骨质疏松的危险因素研究[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2008,14(7):520.
[15] 李毅中,庄华烽,林金矿,等.年龄对股骨颈骨密度和皮质厚度的影响[J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2012,2(18),143-145.
[16] Marsha D,JohnelI O,WedeI H.Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures [J].BMJ,1996,312(7041):1254-1259.
[17] Kanis J A, Borgstrom F, De Laet C,et al.Assessment of fracture risk [J]. Osteoporos Int,2005,16(6): 581-589.
[18] 李毅中,庄华烽,林金矿,等.脆性股骨颈骨折的皮质骨变化 [J].中国骨质疏松杂志,2011,17(6):508-510.
[19] 许昊, 李毅中, 庄华烽,等.血清25羟维生素D水平与脆性髋部骨折关系的研究[J]. 中国骨质疏松杂志, 2020,26(3):340-344.
[20] Li Y Z,Zhuang H F,Cai S Q,et al. Low grip strength is a strong risk factor of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [J].Orthopaed Surg,2018,10(1): 17-22.
[21] Dhesi J K,Jackson S H,Bearne L M,et a1.Vitamin D supplementation improves neuromuscular function in older people who fall[J].Age Ageing,2004,33(6):589-595.
[22] 林华.骨质疏松性骨折的危险因素和干预[J].药物评价,2012,9(7):42-46.
[23] 方秀统,张新,王博,等.老年人髋部骨折术后死亡分析[J].骨与关节损伤杂志,2004,19(7):442-444.
[24] Kannegaard P N, Van Der Mark S, Eiken P, et al.Excess mortality in men compared with women following a hip fracture.National analysis of comedications, comorbidity and survival[J].Age and Ageing,2010,39(2): 203-209.
[25] Carretta E, Bochicchio V, Rucci P, et al.Hip fracture: effectiveness of early surgery to prevent 30-day mortality[J]. Int Orthop,2011,35(3): 419-424.
[26] Dahl E.Mortality and life expectancy after hip fractures[J]. Acta Orthop Scand,1980,51(1): 163-170.
[27] Kesmezacar H, Ayhan E, Unlu M C, et al.Predictors of mortality in elderly patients with an intertrochanteric or a femoral neck fracture[J]. Trauma,2010,68(1): 153-158.
[28] Yonezawa T,Yamazaki K,Atsumi T, et al.Znfluence of the timing of surgery on mortality and activity of hip fracture in elderly patients[J].J Orthop Sci,2009,14(5):566-573.
[29] Hossain M,Neelapala V,Andrew J G.Results of nonopera-tive treatment following hip fracture compared to surgical intervention[J].Injury,2009,40(4):418-421.
[30] 王晓伟,孙天胜,刘智,等.老年髋部骨折手术疗效的危险因素分析[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2011,13(9):811-816.
[31] Stoddart J,Home G,Devane P.Influence of preoperative medical status and delay to surgery on death following a hip fracture[J].ANZ J Surg,2002,72(6):405-407.